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...tatus, such as a national heritage site, which most national monuments are by reason of their cultural importance rather than age. The National monument ...is''.<ref name="journal">{{cite journal|last=Veler|first=Ana|date=November 2008|title=Nymphaea lotus up north, naturally|journal=[[Water Gardeners Internat

Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. | 8 || 2008 || Summer || {{sortname|Hastings|Bwalya}} ||

...national prevalence rate remains high and shows no sign of declining, the country has been noted for its significant increases in [[Antiretroviral drug|antir ...rofile: Zambia"]. [[U.S. Department of State]] (2008). Accessed August 25, 2008. {{PD-notice}}</ref>

...s/viewnews.cgi?category=30&id=1225877514 |year=2008 |accessdate=5 November 2008|publisher=Zamnet Communications|author=Zambia Daily Mail}}</ref>) was a [[Z ...g sectors. He was removed as Prime Minister on July 20, 1977, and replaced by the same man who held the position two years earlier. He was a [[United Nat

...unner from [[Choma, Zambia]].<ref>http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/country=ZAM/athcode=3999/index.html ...ngdale, Arkansas. In 2012, Siamusiye left Shiloh for the position of cross country coach at Springdale High School.

The Miss Tourism Zambia is organised by a professional and committed team and attracts a high profile audience whic The winner of Miss International Zambia represents her country at [[Miss International]]. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (d

|country=Zambia}} ...''PF''') is the ruling political party in [[Zambia]]. The party was formed by [[Michael Sata]] as a breakaway party of the [[Movement for Multiparty Demo

...In particular there was a community in the trading center of [[Luapula]]. By the 1920s Greek traders and fishermen had established a center in Katanga a ...the wider Zambian community, in particular children from areas not served by other schools.<ref>Voice of Greece, Diaspora News: [http://www.voiceofgreec

|country = Zambia }}[[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-125-10.jpg|thumb|Demonstrations by the United National Independence Party (UNIP) during the visit of [[Iain Ma

...athletes have won two medals in two sports. Boxer [[Keith Mwila]] won the country's first Olympic medal, a bronze, in the light flyweight category at the [[1 ...al Olympic Committee]] of Zambia (NOCZ) was created in 1951 and recognised by the [[International Olympic Committee]] in 1963.

|country = Zambia ...onal Development''' (UPND) is a liberal political party in [[Zambia]], led by [[Hakainde Hichilema]]. The party is an observer member of Liberal Internat

...f the [[Pope]] in [[Rome]]. There are about three million Catholics in the country - about a quarter of the total population. There are ten dioceses, includi ...6|location=Metuchen, New Jersey|publisher=Scarecrow Press|edition=3rd|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8108-5305-8|contribution=Catholic Church|pages=41}}</ref> For fu

| term_end = August 19, 2008 | spouse = [[Levy Mwanawasa]] (1988-2008; his death)

...February 2015. The International football championship of Africa organized by the [[Confederation of African Football]] CAF. ...te=27 June 2013 |accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> The player is represented by his business manager [[Ryan Hartslief]] of Bigtime Sports management in Sou

'''Human rights in Zambia''' are addressed in the constitution. However, the Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Zambia for 2012 by the United States Department of State noted that in general, the government

|country = Zambia ...colonial Societies'', BRILL, pp302–303</ref> During that same year, pushed by internal and international pressure, Kaunda agreed to a referendum on the [

...r president of Zambia or a president-elect. Only four have been held since 2008. ==Levy Mwanawasa 2008==

...der-17 football team''', nicknamed the Junior She-polopolo, represents the country in international under-17 matches. The team has participated in FIFA sancti ...onal team and an under-20 team. Women's football continues to be supported by the national federation who have budgeted money for the women's game and yo

|country = Zambia ...colonial Societies'', BRILL, pp302–303</ref> During that same year, pushed by internal and international pressure, Kaunda agreed to a referendum on the [

UNIP was led by his father from 1960 to 2000. Telyeni assumed the leadership of UNIP in 200 He was replaced by Reverend [[Trevor Mwamba]], an Anglican priest who had been living in Germa

...e 50 years after the author's death. The Zambian copyright law is governed by the [[Copyright Act of 1994]]. ...Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind| publisher = CSPD| year = 2008| pages = 38| url = https://www.google.com/books?id=Fn1Pl9Gv_EMC&dq=public+d

...in [[Zambia]]. It is one of the commercial banks in the country, licensed by [[Bank of Zambia]], the national banking regulator.<ref>[http://www.boz.zm/ ...ere sold to the Rabobank Group, a banking company from the Netherlands. In 2008, the shares of Zanaco were listed on the [[Lusaka Stock Exchange]] (LuSE),

...titution exists in Zambia's urban centers, often encouraged or facilitated by relatives or ...shing sectors, are also victims of human trafficking. Zambian women, lured by false employment or marriage offers, are trafficked to South Africa via Zim

..., and has been active in raising the profile of [[disabled sports]] in his country. He is also an Athlete Ambassador for the international humanitarian organi ...0 Summer Paralympics|Returning to the Paralympics in 2000]], as one of his country's two representatives (along with female visually impaired sprinter [[Nancy

...elations]] of [[Namibia]] and [[Zambia]]. Namibia and Zambia are separated by the [[Zambezi]] River. The [[Katima Mulilo Bridge]] connects [[Katima Mulil ...ibia-Zambia Relations Irreversible] [[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]], 20 June 2008</ref>

...on= United States|quote= Mr Olsen, who is based in Dar es Salaam, said his country was happy with the warm relations between Denmark and Zambia, adding that t ...n Rhodesia by an Exchange of Notes, dated 21st January 1964, and continued by Zambia, shall cease to have effect.|accessdate=24 December 2010}}</ref> In

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2008|10|21|1923|01|24|df=yes}} ...rst white minister in independent Zambia"] ''The Irish Times'', 1 November 2008</ref> Following his time as a Zambian jurist, Skinner moved to neighbouring

...national under-20 football team''', the Young She-polopolo, represents the country in international U20 competitions. The team, originally a U19 national tea ...onal team and an under-20 team. Women's football continues to be supported by the national federation who have budgeted money for the women's game and yo

|subdivision_type = Country |population_as_of =2008

| country = [[Zambia]] | opening = 2008

| country = {{ZAM}} 200m 20.29 (2008)

...[[football (soccer)|football]]. It was created in 1962 and it is contested by the top 8 teams of the league. ...1969–1981) and BP Challenge Cup (since 1982) as sponsors withdrew from the country.

...actor and casting director, known for [[Bad Timing (2008 movie)]] directed by [[Jabbes Mvula]]. Augustine died on March 20, 2010 in [[Lusaka]], [[Zambia] ...tine was featured in numerous theatre productions and once represented the country at the prestigious Edinburgh Arts Festival together with [[Benne Erastor Ba

| country = [[Zambia]] ...ops and markets. It is a staple food in [[Zambia]],<ref name="Mwakikagile 2008 p. 186"/> Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Botswana and

...n alleged coup plot. He was blacklisted for many years, he humbled himself by driving a taxi cab! He was subsequently cleared of all the charges.<ref>[ht ...d presidential term bid. The third term bid was actively supported and led by the former Zambian President Michael Chilufya Sata then National Secretary

|term_start1 = March 20, 2008 ...s, and the [[Zambian presidential election, 2015|January 2015 presidential by-election]]. She has been part of several election observer missions includi

|country = [[Zambia]] ...ezi River]], which provides hydroelectric power and is used for recreation by the children. At an altitude of about {{convert|1400|m|ft}} the climate is

|term_start = November 2008 ...ablishing a Public Relations wing and other customer care programs for the country's judiciary. Jere also worked as media advisor for the United Nations Econo

...s]]: 2 [[Intelsat]] (1 [[Indian Ocean]] and 1 [[Atlantic Ocean]]), 3 owned by [[Zamtel]] (2010). ...rural areas. [[Very small aperture terminal]] (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms.<ref name=CIAWFB-Zambia-2014/>

| years5 = 2007–2008 | years6 = 2008–2009

|election_name = Zambian presidential election, 2008 |country = Zambia

...essor of education at the [[University of Zambia]]. She was later employed by UNICEF as a regional adviser for Africa. In 1991 she was elected to Parliam ...ehalf of her country.<ref name=af/> She was still serving as ambassador in 2008.<ref name=af>[http://www.africafiles.org/article.asp?ID=18771 Her Excellenc

{{refimprove|date=January 2008}} ...itude (elevation)]]. In the [[Köppen climate classification]], most of the country is classified as '''''humid subtropical''''' or '''''tropical wet and dry''

Political relations between the Soviet Union and Zambia were challenged by [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] presence in Zambia,<ref>{{cite book| ...mbassy]] in Lusaka was the largest in [[Southern Africa]], and was staffed by 129 officials, including "approximately 25 [[KGB]] and [[GRU]] officials wi

...harles Kajimanga]] and [[Nigel Mutuna]] on Monday April 30, 2012 - Picture by Joseph Mwenda ...[[Guy Scott]] {{small|(Acting)}} <!-- Do not change this. He was succeeded by Scott albeit in an acting capacity. -->

| country = {{ZAM}} *2008: [[ZESCO United F.C.|ZESCO United]] (Ndola)

| term_start = 2008 ...time. He was named France Football African Footballer of the Year in 1988 by the magazine ''France Football'' and was nominated for the 1996 FIFA World

|term_start = 19 August 2008 |term_end1 = 2 November 2008

...ries depicting various aspects of this important era in the history of the country. Under this project the feature film entitled "[[Nkhondo Ya Mkwezalamaba]]" ...tary has since attracted positive reviews from the media and was awarded ''2008 Best Documentary'' during the [[National Arts Council of Zambia]] organized

The club is wholly owned and sponsored by the state-owned electricity supplier [[ZESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://w ...Premier League ]] in 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2014, the Barclays Cup in 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2014, the Zambian Charity Shield in 2007 and 2011, the 2006 Mosi

...hrough South Africa and Rhodesia. However these problems was partly solved by the [[Kariba Dam]] and the construction of the [[Peoples Republic of China| ...cs)|left]] than to the [[Right (politics)|right]] during the Cold War. The country had good relations with the [[People's Republic of China]] and with [[Yugos

|country = Zambia |previous_election = Zambian presidential election, 2008

| subdivision_type = Country '''Kalene Hill''' is a community in the northwest of [[Zambia]] near a hill by the same name about {{convert|2|mi|km}} to the southeast. Kalene Hill was t

| term_end = 19 August 2008 | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2008|08|19|1948|09|03}}

| country = Zambia | next_election = Zambian presidential election, 2008

...olo CD, ''Sound Legacy'', which spurned a number of radio hits in his home country was released under Ten Twenty Seven Communications, a company he co-owns wi ...cast of the 2010 Fifa World Cup round robbin draw seen across the world in 2008 as well as the narration for the animated introductory "Zakumi" video, chro

...diaspora in Southeast Africa|South East Africa]], they were little-studied by historians until the 2000s.<ref>{{harvnb|Haig|2007|loc=Section I}}</ref> ...until the 1950s; in 1930, the ratio of Europeans to Indians was 300:1, but by 1951 the proportion had shifted to just 10:1.<ref name="Haig_a">{{harvnb|Ha

...0&nbsp;km from [[Botswana]] involving crossing the border at [[Kazungula]] by ferry. Livingstone is 470&nbsp;km from [[Lusaka]], taking the southbound Ka ...once director, have provided an important contribution to research in the country.<ref name="Scudder1962">{{cite book|last=Scudder|first=Thayer|title=The eco

...] and leader of a [[multi-party system]]. [[Executive power]] is exercised by the government, while [[legislative power]] is vested in both the [[governm ...esident and a unicameral National Assembly. National policy was formulated by the Central Committee of the [[United National Independence Party]] (UNIP),

|country= [[Northern Rhodesia]] ...ining companies in the same year.{{sfn|Mulenga|2011|p=3–19}}{{sfn|McIntyre|2008|p=8}}

| caption = Manda Hill 2008 ...ing its [[Eastern Province, Zambia|Eastern Province]] with the rest of the country. It is also the major link between Zambia and Malawi and between Zambia and

| manageryears6 = 2007–2008 | manageryears7 = 2008–2009

[[Image:Zambia Ind000.jpg|thumb|130px|right|A book published by the government upon independence.]] ...ning the government,<ref>There were only eight indigenous Graduates in the country at Independence</ref> and the economy was largely dependent on foreign expe

'''Robert Banda''' (best known by his stage name '''Roberto''') is a [[Zambia]]n award-winning R&B singer, so ...the music scene as a rapper, and later turned singer after being inspired by Usher’s hit song “My Way”; Roberto later encountered a career turning

...all team]], and Olympic qualifying team and a Homeless World Cup team. The country has participated in several qualifying tournaments for the FIFA Women's Wor ...name=goalsprogram/> There is a national women's league established in the country along with regional and school competitions.<ref name=goalsprogram/>

...he [[Zambezi River]] near the border with [[Angola]]. The Park is governed by African Parks (Zambia), which is a partnership between African Parks, the [ ...880s, it was historically used as a royal hunting ground and was protected by the Lozi people. [http://www.african-parks.org/Park_4_10_About+the+Park.htm

|image_caption = Aerial photo of Ndola in 2017 submitted by Gift Casey Nyambe |subdivision_type = Country

...ch were Africans chosen by an electoral college and one European appointed by the governor. Only three Africans qualified to vote. The [[Federal Party (R ...ive Council increase to twelve in 1954, with four African members selected by the Northern Rhodesian African Representative Council. The [[Northern Rhode

...dent of Zambia]] from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as the candidate of the [[Movem ...mbia Daily Mail. 15 August 2010.</ref> Mr Chiluba had also been described by the BBC as "a fervent born-again Christian..." whose "...private life was t

|country = {{ZMB}} ...Chess Drum Archive for November, 2008|url=http://www.thechessdrum.net/blog/2008/11/}}</ref> He holds a Bachelor of Science in Economics and Finance from th

| manageryears8 = 2006–2008 | manageryears9 = 2008–2011

...ears before resigning to pursue her childhood dream of singing. Encouraged by a friend, she sent her demo tape to Sheer Sound of South Africa, and within ...'' which earned her a [[Ngoma Award]] in for Best Vocal Recording followed by her 2013 album, ''[[Vested in Love (album)|Vested in Love]].

...] image of the Kafue Flats in flood and the Itezhi-Tezhi dam - 14 February 2008.]] ...ournal=Food Policy|date=2008|volume=33|pages=434–443|doi=10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.01.004}}</ref>

...rge quantities of minerals could. Most early railways in Africa were built by the British government rather than Chartered Companies. The need to raise c ...line were hauled by oxen, then a single locomotive was conveyed in pieces by cableway across the gorge where the bridge was being built to start up oper

|subdivision_type = Country ...he [[Copperbelt Province]] near [[Ndola]]. It has a population of 117,579 (2008 census).

|country = Zambia ...List of countries by GDP (nominal)|105th]] (nominal) / [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|120th]] (PPP)

...for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea alo ...ace of origin of humans and the Hominidae clade (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as late

...which a new calendar year begins and the calendar's year count increments by one. Many cultures celebrate the event in some manner.<ref>Anthony Aveni, " ...es of modern New Year's celebrations are listed below, ordered and grouped by their alignment relative to the Gregorian calendar.

|subdivision_type = Country ...ia]] and controlling the southern approaches to [[Lake Tanganyika]], 40 km by road to the north-west, where the port of [[Mpulungu]] is located. It had a

...erican Plc, held 27.3% of shares, with the balance of 12.4% of shares held by private investors. The company, ZCCM, was formed by a gradual process of nationalization and corporate concatenation which bega

{{infobox country at games ...d|Jade Ashleigh Howard]]. Phiri, Mumba, Choombe and Munyonga had qualified by meeting the standards in their respective sports, while Choosha, Jordan and

|subdivision_type = Country ...r bars in 2007 after the rehabilitation of the Mufulira copper [[smelter]] by SMEC South Africa (formerly Vela VKE). Production and employment levels are

| country = Gabon ...e [[Africa Cup of Nations]], the football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

...radio]] production, getting sponsorship from various companies around the country. Ruwe returned to Zambia in 1982. In the same year, he was sponsored by [[The British Council]] to study television production at the BBC [[Open Un

...ool team as a right winger and harboured ambitions of emulating his heroes by playing for Kabwe Warriors but his father advised him to concentrate on sch Kamanga first served as Kabwe Warriors Committee Member from 2008 to 2010 after which he took over as Chairman.<ref name=neutralise>{{cite we

{{Infobox country ...he [[Makololo]], internal competition, external threats such as that posed by the [[Northern Ndebele people|Matabele]] and the spread of European colonia

|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] ...Zambia and contributes 23.85% of the total agricultural production in the country, with wheat being the major crop.

...of human rights. In the ''Manifesto'', which was subsequently adopted both by the [[Organisation of African Unity]] and the [[United Nations]], thirteen ...ce, preserve the status quo, and improve the humanitarian situation little by little through diplomatic means, small reforms, and compromises. The other

...43559/251, registered in Sweden as SE-BDY, first flown in 1952 and powered by four [[Pratt & Whitney R-2800]] 18-cylinder radial piston engines. ...ook|title=Wolves, Jackals and Foxes|first=Kris|last=Hollington|date=August 2008|publisher=[[Thomas Dunne Books]]|isbn=978-0-312-37899-8}}</ref>

...ed for the PAP to be given full legislative powers and its members elected by universal suffrage.<ref>{{cite news ...e Plenary consists of the delegates from the member states, and is chaired by the President. It is the body which passes resolutions.

...on settled there. He started playing community football and was discovered by future team mate George Sikazwe who signed him for Mufulira Mine Team which For his CAN exploits, Makwaza was decorated by President [[Kenneth Kaunda]] at an investiture ceremony on [[Africa Freedom

...o (2004), p.282.</ref> The [[Mzimba]] dialect has been strongly influenced by [[Zulu language|Zulu]] (chiNgoni),<ref>University of Malawi (2006), p.27.</ ...al spelling (used for example in the Citumbuka dictionary published online by the Centre for Language Studies and in the online Bible), in which the same

...vern. Final construction and the addition of the Kariba North Power cavern by Mitchell Construction<ref>Indictment: Power & Politics in the Construction ...perbelt]]) and Zimbabwe and generates {{convert|6400|GWh}} per annum. Each country has its own power station on the north and south bank of the dam respective

{{Infobox country * [[Levy Patrick Mwanawasa]] - President - 2001-2008

This article deals with the history of the country now called [[Zambia]] from [[prehistory|prehistoric]] times to the present. ...archaic humans were present in Zambia at least 200,000 years ago was shown by the discovery of the Broken Hill skull in [[Kabwe]] in 1921 - this was the

...eth Kaunda]] fondly called KK who ruled Zambia from 1964 to 1991. When the country adopted multiparty politics the side was nicknamed ''Chipolopolo'' (the Bul ...in World Cup qualification play until after its independence in 1964. The country's football association was formed in 1929 and joined [[FIFA]] in 1964.

|subdivision_type = Country ...was founded in 1936 in north-central Zambia as the railway was being built by [[Cecil Rhodes]]' company. It was first established as an adjunct, non-mini

...e Mumba Malila upheld the five years jail term earlier imposed on the four by the LUSAKA Magistrate Court in 2010. Their conviction arose from the paymen ...[[Ministry of Health|Health Minister]] [[Chitalu Chilufya]] announces the country's first recorded two cases of the global pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) in

|image_caption = Cityscape photo of Lusaka at night by photographer [[Jason J Mulikita]] |subdivision_type5 = Country

''Total:'' 2,157&nbsp;km (2008) ...ka from the Chilenje-Libala to George townships (16&nbsp;km); bids invited by the privatisiation board in September 2005 for re-opening it.

...m. Rhodes set up the provisions of the Rhodes Scholarship, which is funded by his estate, and put much effort towards his vision of a Cape to Cairo Railw ...rtford, Hertfordshire, and was a sickly child. He was sent to South Africa by his family when he was 17 years old in the hope that the climate might impr

...nderers''', the club has won 50 trophies and has also produced some of the country’s greatest players. After nine years in Division I, the Wanderers returne ...Association. The team played their games at Mutende ground and was coached by Welfare Officer Jim Crow.

...s a goalkeeper in neighbourhood matches. He also exhibited musical ability by playing drums in his early teens, and harboured ambitions of making it in m ...t entered the ring when he was 16. He soon fell in love with the sport and by the time he joined Zambia Army-sponsored Green Buffaloes Boxing Club, he wa

...le-track]] railway is {{convert|1,860|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and is operated by the '''Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority''' (TAZARA). ...odesia]] (now [[Zimbabwe]]) and [[South Africa]], both of which were ruled by white-minority governments.<ref name="dependence">Thomas W. Robinson and Da

...am languages considered Bantu in Guthrie's classification and thus counted by Nurse (2006)</ref> Bantu languages are spoken largely east and south of pre ....<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size |title=Statistical Summaries |publisher=Ethnologue |date= |accessdate=

{{Infobox country ...un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2004/Table03.pdf |title=Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density |format=PDF |aut

...ri''", meaning ready or prepared and was the name given to, and first used by, Tayali's grandfather Museba, a soldier or Askari commanding a platoon of A ...esult, Tayali was an extremely well read and politically aware artist who, by the time he was eighteen, had read his fair share of the great literary nov

By 1959, Ndhlovu was co-opted into the welfare section of mine community devel ...gregation in pre-colonial [[Northern Rhodesia]] where two leagues ran side by side – one for whites and one for the Africans. He was the ultimate enter

| Ship country=[[German Empire]] | Ship country=[[Tanganyika Territory]]

...lic, but cannot be used for commercial purposes and should not be modified by people who are not part of the community of the website. With '''[[Special: ...her errors are removed or repaired. Chalo Chatu is written collaboratively by largely volunteers who write without pay. Anyone with Internet access and

...n opposition to the Mbunda custom of a nephew. The three were all received by the Aluyi King Mulambwa.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=2LT2YEkA04MC ..., and will remain in existence even when a chief in a person is dethroned, by replacement of another Mbunda from the same royal family tree.

{{Infobox former country |country = Zambia

...er between [[Zambia]] and Zimbabwe to [[Mozambique]], where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean. The region drained by the Zambezi is a vast broken-edged plateau 900–1200 m high, composed in t

...eeded --></ref> In 1832, he read ''Philosophy of a Future State'', written by [[Thomas Dick (scientist)|Thomas Dick]], and he found the rationale that he ...gs in the United States, Livingstone entirely accepted the proposition put by Charles Finney, Professor of Theology at Oberlin College, Ohio, that "the H