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==Pre-apartheid== ==Apartheid-era==

Most notable is South Africa's absence in signing the treaty, considering the apartheid government's support for UNITA in Angola exceeded all other nations and Sou

...issued at the end of the CHOGM, including a special declaration condemning apartheid.<ref>Lusaka 1979: A Significant Commonwealth Meeting|journal, Ingram Derek,

...tance to the "Frontline States" – - neighbouring countries impacted by the apartheid South African destabilisation activities. ...> He was charged with the responsibility of supporting South Africa's post-apartheid transformation and serving as "the United Nations voice" in promoting that

...1970s. As a result of Zambia's political support for the [[apartheid|anti-apartheid]] and [[African independence movements|independence]] sides in these confli

...site of several conferences and negotiations of the independence and anti-apartheid movements in southern Africa;

...n,<ref name="Lusaka Declaration text" /> and that the 'infamous policy' of Apartheid was an 'affront to humanity', and that it was the duty of the Commonwealth

...on them to relinquish white supremacy and minority rule and singled out [[apartheid]] South Africa for violation of human rights. In the ''Manifesto'', which w In the late 1960s South Africa's [[apartheid]] regime became increasingly politically isolated, both internationally and

...arliament a more militant ZNS was born. With Zambia's position in the anti-apartheid struggle in [[South Africa]], a military training component became part of ...h of the fascist Ian Smith of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and the old apartheid regime of South Africa. Numerous attempts to destabilize the country throug

With apartheid in South Africa as strong as it was, it was important for us, if we were to There was of course apartheid South Africa further south. These liberation movements in these countries h

...ay was built to reduce economic dependence of Zambia on [[Rhodesia]] and [[Apartheid South Africa|South Africa]], which was ruled by white minority government.

...de Scott the first white African president in a black-majority state since Apartheid South Africa's [[F. W. de Klerk]].<ref name="bbc"/>

...ow Zimbabwe), and the [[African National Congress]] in their fight against apartheid in South Africa. ...supporter of the [[African National Congress]] during [[South Africa under apartheid|their struggle against minority rule]] and hosted the ANC for a number of y

...ambia-leader-to-apartheid-rulers-20170730 Malema compares Zambia leader to apartheid rulers] News24</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-40945825 M ...”<ref>[https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/malema-compares-zambia-leader-to-apartheid-rulers-20170730 "Lungu, you are a coward. Allow the opposition to oppose yo

...ite Zambians tended to favor white-minority rule in [[Rhodesia]] and the [[apartheid]] system in South Africa, although small numbers prevented them from establ

As most of its major export routes ran through then apartheid controlled South Africa, Zambia needed an alternate export route for its co

...ophuthatswana was a self-governing homeland within South Africa during the apartheid era. Her moving to BOP TV was timely, as she was facing rampant sexual hara

...est crisis" since its creation. Savimbi had been funded by the CIA and the Apartheid Government in the old South Africa. Savimbi, unwilling to personally sign t

...direction than the settler-ruled and segregationist Southern Rhodesia and apartheid South Africa. He involved himself in politics as detailed in his [[Stewart

...ratically elected African government and the first since F. W. de Klerk in Apartheid South Africa.

During the colour bar (Northern Rhodesia equivalence of the apartheid system) there existed an all European side Roan Antelope Callies FC which p

...lly elected African government and the first since [[F. W. de Klerk]] in [[Apartheid South Africa]]. ...ed in ridding the African continent of the yoke of colonial domination and apartheid rule."

...ientation of Zambia's economic links towards South Africa after the end of apartheid.<ref>[http://www.seat61.com/Zambia.htm Seat 61 website accessed 20 February

...was an outspoken supporter of the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] movement and opposed white minority rule in [[Southern Rhodesia]]. Althou ...his precarious situation lasted more than 20 years, until the abolition of apartheid in South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww5.aptnlibrary.com/|title=aptnl

...came the first non-Arab white head of state on the African continent since Apartheid-era South Africa's F. W. de Klerk.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.telegrap

...ter Albert Bwalya and John Mwanza to play in the ostracised country due to apartheid, which also meant that he did not need an international clearance. He play

...nesburg|isbn=9780958489034|page=369}}</ref> During the struggle against [[apartheid]], TAZARA served as an alternate trade route for Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Mala ...a]] in 1990 and the [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|end of apartheid]] in [[South Africa]] in 1994, southern Africa was no longer dominated by w

...gregation|segregation]] which while not being officially enshrined as an [[apartheid]] policy, had similar practical effects. The north and western areas of the

...nt critics to characterise him as a white supremacist and "an architect of apartheid."{{sfn|Castle|29 January 2016}}

...the [[Oxford University|Oxford]]-based historian, wrote: "In that sense, [[Apartheid]] can be regarded as the father of Federation."

...], and the [[African National Congress]] (ANC) in their struggle against [[apartheid]] in [[South African Republic|the Republic of South Africa]], and the South

...Zambia's support for [[Internal resistance to South African apartheid|anti-apartheid]] movements such as the [[African National Congress]] (ANC) also created se

...oordinating development projects in order to lessen economic dependence on apartheid South Africa. On August 17, 1992, it was transformed into SADC. By 2008 it