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'''Africa''' is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area.<ref name=Sayre>Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 0-7613-1367-2.</ref> With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.
'''Africa''' is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area.<ref name=Sayre>Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 0-7613-1367-2.</ref> With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.


Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents;<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/08/17/5-ways-the-world-will-look-dramatically-different-in-2100/ Washington Post]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/njideka-u-harry/african-youth-innovation-_b_3904408.html|work=Huffington Post|first=Njideka U.|last=Harry|title=African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society|date=11 September 2013}}</ref> the [[median]] age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf|title=item,4 of the provisional agenda - General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth|work=UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA|author=ABDOULIE JANNEH|date=April 2012|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref>
Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents;<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/08/17/5-ways-the-world-will-look-dramatically-different-in-2100/ Washington Post]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/njideka-u-harry/african-youth-innovation-_b_3904408.html|work=Huffington Post|first=Njideka U.|last=Harry|title=African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society|date=11 September 2013}}</ref> the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf|title=item,4 of the provisional agenda - General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth|work=UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA|author=ABDOULIE JANNEH|date=April 2012|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Asante|first=Molefi|authorlink=Molefi Asante|title=The History of Africa|publisher=Routledge|location=USA|date=2007|isbn=0-415-77139-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. Desmond|authorlink=J. Desmond Clark|title=The Prehistory of Africa|publisher=Thames and Hudson|location=London|date=1970|isbn=978-0-500-02069-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Crowder|first=Michael|title=The Story of Nigeria|publisher=Faber|location=London|date=1978|isbn=978-0-571-04947-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Davidson|first=Basil|authorlink=Basil Davidson|title=The African Past: Chronicles from Antiquity to Modern Times|publisher=Penguin|location=Harmondsworth|date=1966|oclc=2016817}}
* {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=April A.|author2=Donald L. Gordon|title=Understanding Contemporary Africa|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|location=Boulder|date=1996|isbn=978-1-55587-547-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Khapoya|first=Vincent B.|title=The African experience: an introduction|publisher=Prentice Hall|location=Upper Saddle River, NJ|date=1998|isbn=978-0-13-745852-3}}
* Moore, Clark D., and Ann Dunbar (1968). ''Africa Yesterday and Today'', in series, ''The George School Readings on Developing Lands''. New York: Praeger Publishers.
* [[V. S. Naipaul|Naipaul, V. S.]]. ''The Masque of Africa: Glimpses of African Belief''. Picador, 2010. ISBN 978-0-330-47205-0
*  Besenyő, János. [http://www.kalasnyikov.hu/dokumentumok/besenyo_western_sahara.pdf Western Sahara] (2009), free online PDF book, Publikon Publishers, Pécs, ISBN 978-963-88332-0-4, 2009
* {{cite journal|last1=Wade|first1=Lizzie|title=Drones and satellites spot lost civilizations in unlikely places|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.aaa7864|year=2015}}
 
==External links==
{{Sister project links|n=Category:Africa|voy=Africa}}
;General information
* {{dmoz|Regional/Africa}}
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/ African & Middle Eastern Reading Room] from the United States [[Library of Congress]]
* [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/ Africa South of the Sahara] from [[Stanford University]]
* [http://www.afrika.no/index/ The Index on Africa] from ''The Norwegian Council for Africa''
* [http://www.aluka.org/ Aluka] Digital library of scholarly resources from and about Africa
* [http://www.usaraf.army.mil/MAP_INTERACTIVE/INTERACTIVE_MAP.swf Africa Interactive Map] from the [[United States Army Africa]]
* [http://www.zmka.hu/docs/Volume11/Issue1/pdf/12.pdf One of the new competitors in Africa]
 
;History
* [http://www.africankingdoms.com/ African Kingdoms]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section10.shtml The Story of Africa] from [[BBC World Service]]
* [http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/menu_APIC.html Africa Policy Information Center (APIC)]
* [http://www.scribd.com/doc/161017303/Hungarian-military-forces-in-Africa-%E2%80%93-past-and-future-Recovering-lost-knowledge-exploiting-cultural-anthropology-resources-creating-a-comprehensive Hungarian military forces in Africa]
 
;News media
* [http://allafrica.com/ allAfrica.com] current news, events and statistics
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/focus_magazine/index.shtml Focus on Africa] magazine from [[BBC World Service]]
[[Category:Africa| ]]
[[Category:Continents]]
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