African bush elephant: Difference between revisions

The African bush elephant is the largest and heaviest land animal on earth, being up to {{convert|3.96|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} tall at the shoulder and {{convert|10.4|tonnes|lb|-1}} in weight (a male shot in 1974).<ref name = "Wood">{{cite book | author = Wood, Gerald |url = | title =The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats| year = 1983 | isbn = 978-0-85112-235-9}}</ref><ref name=probos_mass>{{Cite journal | last1 = Larramendi | first1 = A. | last2 = | first2 =  | year = 2016 | title = Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans | journal = Acta Palaeontologica Polonica | volume = 61 | issue =  | pages =  | publisher =  | jstor =  | doi = 10.4202/app.00136.2014 | url = https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app001362014.pdf | accessdate = }}</ref> On average, males are {{convert|3.2|m|ft|1}} tall at the shoulder and {{convert|6|tonnes|lb|-1}} in weight, while females are much smaller at {{convert|2.6|m|ft|1}} tall at the shoulder and {{convert|3|tonnes|lb|-1}} in weight.<ref name=probos_mass/><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Laws | first1 = R.M. | last2 = Parker | first2 = I.S.C. | year = 1968 | title = Recent studies on elephant populations in East Africa | url = | journal = Symposia of the Zoological Society of London | volume = 21 | issue = | pages = 319–359 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hanks | first1 = J | year = 1972 | title = Growth of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1972.tb00870.x | journal = East African Wildlife Journal | volume = 10 | issue = | pages = 251–272 }}</ref><ref>Laws, R.M., Parker, I.S.C., and Johnstone, R.C.B. (1975). ''Elephants and Their Habitats: The Ecology of Elephants in North Bunyoro, Uganda''. Clarendon Press, Oxford.</ref> The most characteristic features of African elephants are their very large ears, which they use to radiate excess heat,<ref name="WWF African elephant">{{cite web|title=African elephant physical description| url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/finder/africanelephants/ecology.html|publisher=WWF|accessdate=28 June 2012}}</ref> and their trunk, a nose and an extension of the upper lip with two opposing extensions, or "fingers" at the end of it (in contrast to the Asian elephant, which only has one). The trunk is used for communication and handling objects and food. African elephants also have bigger [[tusk]]s, large modified [[incisor]]s that grow throughout an elephant's life. They occur in both males and females and are used in fights and for marking, feeding, and digging.<ref name="WWF African elephant" />