|
|
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| History of Zambia (Pre-1888)
| |
| ==Early history==
| |
| That archaic humans were present in Zambia at least 200,000 years ago was shown by the discovery of the Broken Hill skull in [[Kabwe]] in 1921 - this was the first human fossil ever discovered in Africa.<ref>http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/collections-at-the-museum/museum-treasures/broken-hill-skull/index.html</ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| The earliest known modern humans to live in the territory of modern-day Zambia were the Khoisans. They were bushmen, [[hunters and gatherers|hunter-gatherers]] who lived a [[nomadic]] life, with [[stone age]] technology. Mainly they collected fruit and nuts, but they also hunted [[antelope]] and other animals.
| |
|
| |
| The Khoisans were the only inhabitants of most of Zambia until the 4th century, when [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]] started to migrate from the north. They had far more developed technology - they were [[farmers]] and had [[Iron (material)|iron]] and [[copper]] tools and weapons, as well as knowledge of [[pottery]]-making. They lived in small [[self-sufficient]] villages of wattle-and-daub huts, growing [[sorghum]] and [[beans]], as well as keeping [[cattle]] and [[goats]].
| |
|
| |
| Since the early farmers practised [[slash and burn]] agriculture, they had to constantly move further south when the [[soil]] was exhausted. The [[indigenous peoples|indigenous]] khoisans were either killed, [[Cultural assimilation|assimilated]] into the new culture or displaced into areas not suitable for agriculture.
| |
|
| |
| With the introduction of agriculture the population grew, and more and more land became cultivated. By the 11th and 12th centuries a more advanced society was beginning to emerge. Even though most villages still were self-sufficient, long distance [[trade]] was developing. Copper mining was intensified, and copper crosses were probably used as a [[currency]]. [[Ivory]] was an export, and [[cotton]] textiles an import. One of the best-known [[archaeology|archaeological]] sites for this period is [[Ing-ombe Ilede]] near [[Siavonga]] close to the [[Kariba Dam]], uncovered in 1960. The increase in trade resulted in larger political units and more complex social structures.
| |
| === Grand total ===
| |
|
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width:75%; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-collapse: collapse; white-space: nowrap;"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Articles
| |
| ! Total
| |
| ! Edits
| |
| ! Admins
| |
| ! Users
| |
| ! Active Users
| |
| ! Images
| |
| |- style="text-align: right;"
| |
| | {{formatnum: {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|mo}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|ng}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|cho}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|kj}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|mh}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|ho}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|ii}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|aa}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|mus}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|hz}}-{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|kr}}}}}}
| |
| | {{formatnum: {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|total}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|mo}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|ng}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|cho}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|kj}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|mh}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|ho}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|ii}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|aa}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|mus}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|hz}}-{{NUMBEROF|PAGES|kr}}}}}}
| |
| | {{formatnum: {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|total}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|mo}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|ng}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|cho}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|kj}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|mh}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|ho}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|ii}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|aa}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|mus}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|hz}}-{{NUMBEROF|EDITS|kr}}}}}}
| |
| | {{formatnum: {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|total}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|mo}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|ng}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|cho}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|kj}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|mh}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|ho}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|ii}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|aa}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|mus}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|hz}}-{{NUMBEROF|ADMINS|kr}}}}}}
| |
| | {{formatnum: {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|USERS|total}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|mo}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|ng}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|cho}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|kj}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|mh}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|ho}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|ii}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|aa}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|mus}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|hz}}-{{NUMBEROF|USERS|kr}}}}}}
| |
| | {{formatnum: {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|total}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|mo}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|ng}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|cho}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|kj}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|mh}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|ho}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|ii}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|aa}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|mus}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|hz}}-{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|kr}}}}}}
| |
| | {{formatnum: {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|FILES|total}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|mo}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|ng}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|cho}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|kj}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|mh}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|ho}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|ii}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|aa}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|mus}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|hz}}-{{NUMBEROF|FILES|kr}}}}}}
| |
| |}
| |