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Most nations of Western Europe officially adopted 1 January as New Year's Day somewhat before they adopted the Gregorian Calendar. In Tudor England, New Years Day, along with [[Christmas Day]] and Twelfth Night, was celebrated as one of three main festivities among the twelve days of Christmastide.<ref name="Sim2011">{{cite book|last=Sim|first=Alison|title=Pleasures and Pastimes in Tudor England|date=8 November 2011|publisher=The History Press|isbn=9780752475783|page=85|quote=Most of the twelve days of Christmas were saint's days, but the main three days for celebration were Christmas Day, New Year's Day and Epiphany, or Twelfth Night.}}</ref> There, until the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar in 1752, the first day of the new year was the Western Christian Feast of the Annunciation, on 25 March, also called "Lady Day". Dates predicated on the year beginning on 25 March became known as ''Annunciation Style'' dates, while dates of the Gregorian Calendar commencing on 1 January were distinguished as ''Circumcision Style'' dates,<ref name="Harris2011">{{cite book|last=Harris|first=Max|title=Sacred Folly: A New History of the Feast of Fools|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOMAn_rIUIAC&pg=PA35|accessdate=31 December 2012|date=2011-03-17|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=9780801449567|page=35}}</ref> because this was the date of the Feast of the Circumcision, the observed memorial of the eighth day of Jesus Christ's life after his birth, counted from the latter's observation on Christmas, 25 December. Pope Gregory XIII christened 1 January as the beginning of the new year according to his reform of the Catholic Liturgical Calendar.<ref name="Trawicky2000">{{cite book|last=Trawicky|first=Bernard|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&pg=PA222|accessdate=31 December 2012|edition=5th|date=2000-07-01|publisher=American Library Association|isbn=9780838906958|page=222}}</ref> | Most nations of Western Europe officially adopted 1 January as New Year's Day somewhat before they adopted the Gregorian Calendar. In Tudor England, New Years Day, along with [[Christmas Day]] and Twelfth Night, was celebrated as one of three main festivities among the twelve days of Christmastide.<ref name="Sim2011">{{cite book|last=Sim|first=Alison|title=Pleasures and Pastimes in Tudor England|date=8 November 2011|publisher=The History Press|isbn=9780752475783|page=85|quote=Most of the twelve days of Christmas were saint's days, but the main three days for celebration were Christmas Day, New Year's Day and Epiphany, or Twelfth Night.}}</ref> There, until the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar in 1752, the first day of the new year was the Western Christian Feast of the Annunciation, on 25 March, also called "Lady Day". Dates predicated on the year beginning on 25 March became known as ''Annunciation Style'' dates, while dates of the Gregorian Calendar commencing on 1 January were distinguished as ''Circumcision Style'' dates,<ref name="Harris2011">{{cite book|last=Harris|first=Max|title=Sacred Folly: A New History of the Feast of Fools|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOMAn_rIUIAC&pg=PA35|accessdate=31 December 2012|date=2011-03-17|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=9780801449567|page=35}}</ref> because this was the date of the Feast of the Circumcision, the observed memorial of the eighth day of Jesus Christ's life after his birth, counted from the latter's observation on Christmas, 25 December. Pope Gregory XIII christened 1 January as the beginning of the new year according to his reform of the Catholic Liturgical Calendar.<ref name="Trawicky2000">{{cite book|last=Trawicky|first=Bernard|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&pg=PA222|accessdate=31 December 2012|edition=5th|date=2000-07-01|publisher=American Library Association|isbn=9780838906958|page=222}}</ref> | ||
==Traditional and modern celebrations and customs== | |||
===New Year's Eve=== | |||
{{Main|New Year's Eve}} | |||
[[Image:OperaSydney-Fuegos2006-342289398.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Sydney contributes to some of the major New Year celebrations each year.]] | |||
January 1 represents the fresh start of a new year after a period of remembrance of the passing year, including on radio, television, and in newspapers, which starts in early December in countries around the world. Publications have year-end articles that review the changes during the previous year. In some cases publications may set their entire year work alight in hope that the smoke emitted from the flame brings new life to the company. There are also articles on planned or expected changes in the coming year. | |||
This day is traditionally a religious feast, but since the 1900s has also become an occasion to celebrate the night of December 31, called New Year's Eve. There are fireworks at midnight at the moment the new year arrives (a major one is in Sydney, Australia). Watchnight services are also still observed by many.<ref name="BOW">{{cite web|url=http://www.interpretermagazine.org/interior.asp?ptid=43&mid=11612| title = Watch Night services provide spiritual way to bring in New Year|publisher = The United Methodist Church|accessdate = 28 December 2011|quote=The service is loosely constructed with singing, spontaneous prayers and testimonials, and readings, including the Covenant Renewal service from The United Methodist Book of Worship (pp. 288-294).}}</ref> | |||
==New Year's Days in Zambia== | ==New Year's Days in Zambia== | ||
