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{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> | <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> | ||
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|other_name = | |other_name = | ||
|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> | |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> | ||
|nickname = | |nickname = | ||
|settlement_type = City | |settlement_type = City | ||
|motto = | |motto = | ||
<!-- images and maps -----------> | <!-- images and maps -----------> | ||
|image_skyline = | |image_skyline = Aerial_photo_of_Ndola_in_2017.jpeg | ||
|imagesize = 250px | |imagesize = 250px | ||
|image_caption = | |image_caption = Aerial photo of Ndola in 2017 submitted by Gift Casey Nyambe | ||
|image_flag = | |image_flag = | ||
|flag_size = | |flag_size = | ||
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Zambia | |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Zambia | ||
<!-- Location ------------------> | <!-- Location ------------------> | ||
|subdivision_type = Country | |subdivision_type = Country | ||
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Zambia}} | |subdivision_name = {{flag|Zambia}} | ||
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|timezone_DST = | |timezone_DST = | ||
|utc_offset_DST = | |utc_offset_DST = | ||
| | |coordinates = {{coord|12|58|00|S|28|38|00|E|region:ZM|display=inline}} | ||
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | ||
|elevation_m = | |elevation_m = 1300 | ||
|elevation_ft = | |elevation_ft = | ||
<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> | <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Ndola''' is the third largest city in [[Zambia]], with a population of 455,194 (''2010 census provisional''). It is the | '''Ndola''' is the third largest city in [[Zambia]], with a population of 455,194 (''2010 census provisional''). It is the industrial and commercial center of the [[Copperbelt]], Zambia's copper-mining region, and capital of [[Copperbelt Province]]. It is also the commercial capital city of [[Zambia]] and has one of the three international airports, others being Livingstone and Lusaka. It lies just 10 km from the border with DR Congo.<ref name="Spectrum">Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996.</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Ndola was founded in 1904, by John Edward "Chiripula" Stephenson just six months after Livingstone, making it the second oldest colonial-era town of Zambia. It was started as a [[Boma (enclosure)|boma]] and | Ndola was founded in 1904, by John Edward "Chiripula" Stephenson just six months after Livingstone, making it the second oldest colonial-era town of Zambia. It was started as a [[Boma (enclosure)|boma]] and trading post, which laid its foundations as an administrative and trading centre today. | ||
The [[Rhodesia Railways]] main line reached the town in 1907, providing passenger services as far south as | The [[Rhodesia Railways]] main line reached the town in 1907, providing passenger services as far south as Bulawayo, with connections to Cape Town. The line was extended into DR Congo and from there eventually linked to the Benguela Railway to the Atlantic port of Lobito (which took some of Zambia's copper exports for many years with recent interruptions by closures; the rail line is now back in service). The Ndola railhead was responsible for the town becoming the country's centre of distribution. Before the road network was built up in the 1930s, a track from Ndola to Kapalala on the [[Luapula River]], and [[Water Transport in Zambia|boat transport]] from there to the [[Chambeshi River]] was the principal trade route for the [[Northern Province]], which consequently formed part of Ndola's hinterland. | ||
In 1961, 2nd Secretary General of the | In 1961, 2nd Secretary General of the United Nations [[Dag Hammarskjöld]]'s plane crashed on the outskirts of Ndola. | ||
See [[Copperbelt Province]] for the history of the | See [[Copperbelt Province]] for the history of the copper-mining industry. | ||
==Climate== | ==Climate== | ||
Ndola has a moderate | Ndola has a moderate humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa). | ||
{{Weather box | {{Weather box | ||
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| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/ZA/67561.TXT | | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/ZA/67561.TXT | ||
| title = Ndola MET Climate Normals 1961–1990 | | title = Ndola MET Climate Normals 1961–1990 | ||
| publisher = | | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | ||
| accessdate = January 16, 2014}}</ref> | | accessdate = January 16, 2014}}</ref> | ||
|date=November 2011 | |date=November 2011 | ||
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==Industry== | ==Industry== | ||
[[File:beryl-130023.jpg|thumb| | [[File:beryl-130023.jpg|thumb|Emerald from the Kagem Emerald Mine, Kafubu Emerald District, Ndola. Size 3.0 x 2.7 x 2.6 cm.]] | ||
===Legacy=== | ===Legacy=== | ||
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===Refining=== | ===Refining=== | ||
There are no | There are no mines in Ndola itself but the [[Bwana Mkubwa]] open-cast mine is only 10 km south-east of the city centre. Until their closure, copper and precious metals used to be brought from elsewhere in the Copperbelt for processing at the Ndola Copper Refinery and Precious Metals Refinery. Copper exports provide 70–80% of Zambia's export earnings, making the city very important to the country's economy.<ref name="Spectrum"/> | ||
The Indeni Oil Refinery in Ndola supplies the whole country with refined petroleum. It was repaired in 2001 after being severely damaged by fire in 1999. | The Indeni Oil Refinery in Ndola supplies the whole country with refined petroleum. It was repaired in 2001 after being severely damaged by fire in 1999. | ||
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===Limestone=== | ===Limestone=== | ||
Ndola has huge | Ndola has huge limestone reserves which are believed to be among the most homogeneous of their kind in the world. Limestone has therefore become to Ndola's economy what copper is to the rest of the country, providing much of the wealth and employment (Lime is a major component in the production of cement; a cement plant getting its lime from limestone and manufacturing a limestone cement will consume well over 80 kg limestone per 100 kg of cement it manufactures). | ||
Between 1974 and 2009, Ndola supplied over 50% of Zambia's cement from a plant located some 5 km south-east of the heart of the city. This plant was called Chilanga Cement, Ndola Works. The parent company then was Chilanga Cement plc. Chilanga Cement ran two plants in Zambia: one built in 1949 and located at Chilanga (hence the parent company name) and the other built in 1969 and located at Ndola. In 2008, the new holding company, Lafarge Cement Zambia, completed construction of a brand new plant at Chilanga which would produce about double the volume of Ndola Works. By mid-2009, the new plant was still gathering momentum toward full production capacity, leaving Ndola still a significant player in the region's cement industry. Nonetheless, the combination of huge limestone deposits and existing transport infrastructure passing through Ndola has kept the city a very attractive destination for investment into cement and closely allied activities. | Between 1974 and 2009, Ndola supplied over 50% of Zambia's cement from a plant located some 5 km south-east of the heart of the city. This plant was called Chilanga Cement, Ndola Works. The parent company then was Chilanga Cement plc. Chilanga Cement ran two plants in Zambia: one built in 1949 and located at Chilanga (hence the parent company name) and the other built in 1969 and located at Ndola. In 2008, the new holding company, Lafarge Cement Zambia, completed construction of a brand new plant at Chilanga which would produce about double the volume of Ndola Works. By mid-2009, the new plant was still gathering momentum toward full production capacity, leaving Ndola still a significant player in the region's cement industry. Nonetheless, the combination of huge limestone deposits and existing transport infrastructure passing through Ndola has kept the city a very attractive destination for investment into cement and closely allied activities. | ||
A second | A second cement works is under construction in 2008.<ref>http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=32&dir=2008/June/Thursday26</ref> In June 2009, countrywide advertisements were published to finalise staffing for this new cement plant. | ||
Another important processing plant that is based on limestone in the area is Ndola Lime. It is Zambia's sole producer of Lime. Ndola Lime is located near the two cement manufacturing facilities. It supplies the mining industry as well as farmers who require agricultural lime. Ndola Lime company is wholly owned by ZCCM Investment Holdings, a parastatal holdings company via which Zambia's government maintains its active interest in the country's mining and closely related heavy industry. | Another important processing plant that is based on limestone in the area is Ndola Lime. It is Zambia's sole producer of Lime. Ndola Lime is located near the two cement manufacturing facilities. It supplies the mining industry as well as farmers who require agricultural lime. Ndola Lime company is wholly owned by ZCCM Investment Holdings, a parastatal holdings company via which Zambia's government maintains its active interest in the country's mining and closely related heavy industry. | ||
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===Electrical Engineering=== | ===Electrical Engineering=== | ||
Egyptian company | Egyptian company Elsewedy Electric joined a consortium of local companies led by ZESCO Ltd (Zambia's electricity supply authority), and established a transformer manufacturing plant and an electrical meter manufacturing plant in Zambia in 2008. Both these facilities are located about 5 km south of Ndola city centre. | ||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||
Ndola is on the [[Zambia Railways]] line with passenger and freight services running between [[Kitwe]] and [[ | Ndola is on the [[Zambia Railways]] line with passenger and freight services running between [[Kitwe]] and [[Livingstone]] via [[Kabwe]] and [[Lusaka]]. Freight branch lines run to other Copperbelt towns and from Ndola to Lubumbashi in DR Congo via Sakania.<ref name="ITM">Terracarta/International Travel Maps, Vancouver Canada: "Zambia, 2nd edition", 2000</ref> | ||
A dual carriageway links Ndola to Kitwe, the Copperbelt's second city, and other tarred highways link to [[Mufulira]] and [[Lusaka]].<ref name="ITM"/> | A dual carriageway links Ndola to Kitwe, the Copperbelt's second city, and other tarred highways link to [[Mufulira]] and [[Lusaka]].<ref name="ITM"/> | ||
[[Ndola Airport]] has scheduled domestic services to Lusaka and an international service to | [[Ndola Airport]] has scheduled domestic services to Lusaka and an international service to Addis Ababa, Johannesburg and Nairobi. | ||
The | The oil pipeline from Dar es Salaam terminates at the [[Indeni Oil Refinery]] in the town. | ||
These factors make Ndola the distribution centre of the Copperbelt and northern Zambia. | These factors make Ndola the distribution centre of the Copperbelt and northern Zambia. | ||
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[[Image:NdolaSlaveTree.jpg|thumb|The Mukuyu Slave Tree (in Ndola, Zambia]] | [[Image:NdolaSlaveTree.jpg|thumb|The Mukuyu Slave Tree (in Ndola, Zambia]] | ||
* The '''Slave Tree''' or '''Mukuyu Slave Tree''' around which Arab | * The '''Slave Tree''' or '''Mukuyu Slave Tree''' around which Arab slave traders held slave markets in the nineteenth century (a mukuyu tree is a kind of fig tree). It has fallen due to "termites".<ref name="Spectrum"/> | ||
* [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] Memorial ten kilometres along the Ndola/Kitwe road commemorates the site where the then | * [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] Memorial ten kilometres along the Ndola/Kitwe road commemorates the site where the then United Nations Secretary-General died in a plane crash on September 18, 1961 during the Congo Crisis.<ref name="Spectrum"/> | ||
* '''Lake Chilengwa''' 14 km E of Ndola at 12°58' S 28°45' E, was formed by the collapse of rock into an underlying | * '''Lake Chilengwa''' 14 km E of Ndola at 12°58' S 28°45' E, was formed by the collapse of rock into an underlying limestone cavern, and has local cultural significance.<ref name="Spectrum"/> | ||
===Other features=== | ===Other features=== | ||
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Note: the thermal power station which dominates the skyline near the railway station and which was built to power the mines and refineries ceased operation in the 1960s when the [[Kariba Dam]] power station came on line. | Note: the thermal power station which dominates the skyline near the railway station and which was built to power the mines and refineries ceased operation in the 1960s when the [[Kariba Dam]] power station came on line. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:History of Ndola]] | [[Category:History of Ndola]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Copperbelt Province]] | ||
[[Category:Provincial capitals in Zambia]] | [[Category:Provincial capitals in Zambia]] | ||
[[Category:Places in Zambia]] | |||
[[Category:Ndola]] | |||
