Kenneth Kaunda: Difference between revisions

'''Kenneth David Kaunda''' (28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021),<ref name=Arnold/> also known as '''KK''',<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WNBBAQAAIAAJ&q=%22vote+kk%22+%22kaunda%22&dq=%22vote+kk%22+%22kaunda%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3w6rO_-PjAhUHXsAKHSbGAxEQ6AEIMzAC ''The Listener''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618111319/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WNBBAQAAIAAJ&q=%22vote+kk%22+%22kaunda%22&dq=%22vote+kk%22+%22kaunda%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3w6rO_-PjAhUHXsAKHSbGAxEQ6AEIMzAC |date=18 June 2021 }}, Volume 110, British Broadcasting Corporation, 1983, page 13</ref> was a Zambian politician who served as the [[List of Presidents of Zambia|first President]] of [[Zambia]] from 1964 to 1991. He was at the forefront of the struggle for independence from [[British Empire|British rule]]. Dissatisfied with [[Harry Nkumbula]]'s leadership of the [[Zambian African National Congress|Northern Rhodesian African National Congress]], he broke away and founded the [[Zambian African National Congress (1958–59)|Zambian African National Congress]], later becoming the head of the [[United National Independence Party]] (UNIP). He was the first President of the independent Zambia. In 1973 following tribal and inter-party violence, all political parties except UNIP were banned through an amendment of the constitution after the signing of the Choma Declaration. At the same time, Kaunda oversaw the acquisition of majority stakes in key foreign-owned companies. The oil crisis of 1973 and a slump in export revenues put Zambia in a state of economic crisis. International pressure forced Kaunda to change the rules that had kept him in power. [[Multi-party system|Multi-party]] elections took place in 1991, in which [[Frederick Chiluba]], the leader of the [[Movement for Multiparty Democracy]], ousted Kaunda.