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Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula: Difference between revisions
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Born in January 1916, the late Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula is among the founding fathers | Born in January 1916, the late Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula is among the founding fathers of [[Zambia]]’s independence from British colonial rule. Zambia was then known as [[Northern Rhodesia]]. Nkumbula and his “A team,” define Zambia’s present day identity. | ||
He is also among the founding fathers | He is also among the founding fathers of Zambia’s first native political party, the [[Northern Rhodesia African National Congress]]. Founded in 1948, the party was first led by the late [[Godwin Mbikusita Lewanika]]. | ||
In 1951, Harry Nkumbula was elected president of the Northern Rhodesian African Congress. The party was later renamed to African National Congress (ANC), as a link to the African National Congress in South Africa. The party leadership team, the “Zambian A Team,” included Harry Nkumbula himself, the late Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe, David Kenneth Kaunda, the late Mainza Chona, Grey Zulu, Dixon Konkola, Robinson Nabulyato, Paul Kalichini, Raphael Kombe, Nalumino Mundia, Reuben Kamanga, among others. | In 1951, Harry Nkumbula was elected president of the Northern Rhodesian African Congress. The party was later renamed to [[African National Congress]] (ANC), as a link to the African National Congress in South Africa. The party leadership team, the “Zambian A Team,” included Harry Nkumbula himself, the late [[Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe]], David Kenneth Kaunda, the late [[Mainza Chona]], [[Grey Zulu]], [[Dixon Konkola]], [[Robinson Nabulyato]], [[Paul Kalichini]], [[Raphael Kombe]], [[Nalumino Mundia]], [[Reuben Kamanga]], among others. | ||
The 1950s saw a lot of political activity as the ANC gained countrywide support and as opposition grew to what was seen as further consolidation of colonial rule by the colonialists. The further consolidation of colonial rule of Zambia came through the formation of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. It became known as the Federation, a loathed name among Zambian freedom activists. | The 1950s saw a lot of political activity as the ANC gained countrywide support and as opposition grew to what was seen as further consolidation of colonial rule by the colonialists. The further consolidation of colonial rule of Zambia came through the formation of the [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]]. It became known as the Federation, a loathed name among Zambian freedom activists. | ||
The 1950s also saw the formation of other Zambian political parties. They were mostly from leaders that broke away from the mother party (the ANC). The major differences that arose in the party concerned the ways of opposing the colonial establishment of the Federation. Under its increased power the Federation governed three countries: Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Nyasaland (now Malawi). | The 1950s also saw the formation of other Zambian political parties. They were mostly from leaders that broke away from the mother party (the ANC). The major differences that arose in the party concerned the ways of opposing the colonial establishment of the Federation. Under its increased power the Federation governed three countries: Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Nyasaland (now Malawi). | ||
In 1958 Kenneth Kaunda, Simon Kapwepwe and others broke away from ANC to form the Zambia African National Congress (ZANC). This dealt a big blow to the ANC and the “old lion” (Nkumbula) as he lost his key allies. | In 1958 [[Kenneth Kaunda]], Simon Kapwepwe and others broke away from ANC to form the Zambia African National Congress (ZANC). This dealt a big blow to the ANC and the “old lion” (Nkumbula) as he lost his key allies. | ||
The “old lion” continued to struggle without his key allies even after their newly formed party, the Zambia African National Congress (ZANC) got banned a year later (1959) by the colonial establishment. Its leaders were imprisoned (Kapwepwe, Kaunda and others). Their imprisonment only increased their grass root popularity and inspired those not imprisoned to form smaller political parties under various names. They include United National Congress Party led by Dixon Konkola, the Freedom Party led by Bary R. Banda, and the African National. Independence Party led by Paul Kalichini and Frank Chitambala. | The “old lion” continued to struggle without his key allies even after their newly formed party, the Zambia African National Congress (ZANC) got banned a year later (1959) by the colonial establishment. Its leaders were imprisoned (Kapwepwe, Kaunda and others). Their imprisonment only increased their grass root popularity and inspired those not imprisoned to form smaller political parties under various names. They include United National Congress Party led by Dixon Konkola, the Freedom Party led by [[Bary R. Banda]], and the African National. Independence Party led by [[Paul Kalichini]] and [[Frank Chitambala]]. | ||
The small parties later merged to form United National Independence Party (UNIP), led by Dixon Konkola, who was soon replaced by Paul Kalichini. When Mainza Chona left ANC (under Nkumbula) to join UNIP a re-election was called in which Chona was elected the party’s new president. Chona continued the nonviolence yet militant strategies (strikes, boycotts, demonstrations) of the party and garnered widespread support among the grass root level. When both Kapwepwe and Kaunda where released from prison elections were called in which Kaunda was elected. | The small parties later merged to form United National Independence Party (UNIP), led by Dixon Konkola, who was soon replaced by Paul Kalichini. When Mainza Chona left ANC (under Nkumbula) to join UNIP a re-election was called in which Chona was elected the party’s new president. Chona continued the nonviolence yet militant strategies (strikes, boycotts, demonstrations) of the party and garnered widespread support among the grass root level. When both Kapwepwe and Kaunda where released from prison elections were called in which Kaunda was elected. | ||
