2021 General election: Difference between revisions

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{{short description| General elections}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name     = 2021 Zambian general election
| election_name = 2021 Zambian General Election
| country          = Zambia
| type = Presidential
| type             = presidential
| election_date = 12 August 2021
| ongoing          = no
| country = Zambia
| previous_election = 2016 Zambian general election
| turnout = 65.3%
| previous_year    = 2016
| registered = 7,300,000
| next_election    = <!--Date uncertain as could be held earlier than 2026-->
| previous_link = 2021 Zambian general election
| next_year        = <!--Date uncertain as could be held earlier than 2026-->
| previous_year = 2021
| election_date    = 12 August 2021
| next_link = 2031 Zambian general election
| registered       = 7,023,499
| next_year = 2031
| needed_votes      =  
| nominee1 = Hakainde Hichilema
| turnout          =  
| party1 = UPND
| image1            = [[File:Edgar Lungu, 26 july 2018 (cropped).jpg|140x140px]]
| popular_vote1 = 3,000,000
| nominee1          = [[Edgar Lungu]]
| percentage1 = 51.2
| running_mate1    = [[Nkandu Luo]]
| nominee2 = Edgar Lungu
| party1           = Patriotic Front (Zambia)
| party2 = PF
| popular_vote1     = 1,814,201
| popular_vote2 = 2,600,000
| percentage1       = 38.33
| percentage2 = 44.3
| swing1            =
| map_image = Zambia 2026 election map.png
| image2            = [[File:Hakainde Hichilema 2014.jpg|140x140px]]
}}
| nominee2         = [[Hakainde Hichilema]]
| running_mate2    = [[Mutale Nalumango]]
| party2           = United Party for National Development
| popular_vote2     = 2,810,777
| percentage2       = 59.38
| swing2            = 
| map_image         =
| map_size          =
| map_caption      =
| title            = President
| before_election  = [[Edgar Lungu]]
| before_party      = Patriotic Front (Zambia)
| after_election    = [[Hakainde Hichilema]]
| after_party      = United Party for National Development
}}{{Politics of Zambia}}


'''General elections''' were held in [[Zambia]] on 12 August 2021 to elect the [[President of Zambia|President]] and [[National Assembly (Zambia)|National Assembly]]. President-elect Hakainde Hichilema was declared the winner after when releasing the final results from 156 constituencies, defeating incumbent Edgar Lungu. Hichilema secured 2,810,777 votes while Lungu was in second place with 1,814,201 votes, out of 7 million registered voters
The 2021 General elections were held across Zambia on 12 August 2021 to elect the [[President]], the 156 elected members of the [[National Assembly]], and representatives for local government. This election is widely regarded as a watershed moment, marking a decisive democratic transition and the nation's third peaceful alternation of power since the return to multi-party democracy in [[1991 General election|1991]].


==Electoral system==
The polls were conducted under an environment of considerable economic strain—characterized by high national debt and increasing cost of living—and the public health challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the election became a defining contest over the direction of the national economy and the strengthening of democratic institutions.
The President is elected via the [[two-round system]]. Of the 167 members of the National Assembly, 156 are elected by the first-past-the-post system in single-member constituencies, with a further eight appointed by the President and three others being ex officio members: the vice president, the Speaker and one deputy speaker elected from outside the National Assembly (while the second deputy speaker is chosen from the elected members of the house). The voting age is 18, whilst National Assembly candidates must be at least 21.
 
The [[2021 Presidential election|presidential]] contest was a highly competitive affair, primarily featuring the incumbent [[Edgar Lungu]] of the [[Patriotic Front]] (PF) and the long-serving opposition leader [[Hakainde Hichilema]] of the [[United Party for National Development]] (UPND). Citizen engagement was evident through a high voter turnout of 70.61%, the highest recorded in a general election since [[2006 General election|2006]].
 
The result was a commanding victory for Hakainde Hichilema, who secured 59.02% of the valid votes. This outcome delivered an outright majority in the first round and culminated in a peaceful transfer of power on 24 August 2021. The election result affirmed Zambia's commitment to constitutional democracy and set the country on a new political trajectory.
 
 
==Electoral System==
The 2021 General Election was conducted under the framework of the [[Constitution of Zambia (Amendment) Act, 2016|Constitution of Zambia (Amendment) Act No. 2 of 2016]] and the [[Electoral Process Act No. 35 of 2016]]. The election was managed by the [[Electoral Commission of Zambia]] (ECZ). Voters across the nation participated in simultaneous elections for the President, the National Assembly, and local government officials.
 
===Presidential Election===
The President is elected using the two-round system. To win in the first round, a candidate must secure more than 50% of the valid votes cast. If no candidate achieves this threshold, a second round (run-off) election is held between the top two contenders.
 
===National Assembly===
The National Assembly is composed of 167 members, determined as follows:
* 156 Elected Members: Elected directly by voters through the first-past-the-post system in single-member constituencies across the country.
* 8 Appointed Members: Nominated by the President after consultation, adding expertise or ensuring representation.
* 3 Ex-Officio Members: These are the Vice-President, the Speaker, and a Deputy Speaker elected from outside the National Assembly.
 
To be eligible to vote, a citizen must be at least 18 years of age. Candidates for the National Assembly must be at least 21 years of age.


==Candidates==
==Candidates==
A total of sixteen candidates registered to run for the presidency. The race is expected to be a close race between [[Edgar Lungu]] of the [[Patriotic Front (Zambia)|Patriotic Front]] and [[Hakainde Hichilema]] of the [[United Party for National Development]]. Both competed in the [[2016 Zambian general election|2016 presidential elections]], which Lungu won by a margin 50.35% to 47.63%.
A total of sixteen candidates registered to run for the presidency. The race was expected to be a close race between [[Edgar Lungu]] of the [[Patriotic Front (Zambia)|Patriotic Front]] and [[Hakainde Hichilema]] of the [[United Party for National Development]]. Both competed in the [[2016 Zambian general election|2016 presidential elections]], which Lungu won by a margin of 50.35% to 47.63%.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-22|title=2016 National Assembly Elections|url=https://www.elections.org.zm/results/2016_national_assembly_elections|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Electoral Commission of Zambia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922215316/https://www.elections.org.zm/results/2016_national_assembly_elections|archive-date=22 September 2016}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Registered candidates<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 May 2021|title=ECZ Chairperson Justice Esau E. Chulu Closes 2021 General Election Nomination Centre|url=https://www.elections.org.zm/2021/05/20/ecz-chairperson-justice-esau-e-chulu-closes-2021-general-election-nomination-centre/|url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2021|website=Electoral Commission of Zambia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521233042/https://www.elections.org.zm/2021/05/20/ecz-chairperson-justice-esau-e-chulu-closes-2021-general-election-nomination-centre/ |archive-date=21 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-21|title=Close Of The ECZ 2021 General Election Nomination Centre|url=https://www.zambianobserver.com/close-of-the-ecz-2021-general-election-nomination-centre/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Zambian Observer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-19|title=M'membe, Hamududu, Kalaba successfully file in nominations|url=https://www.znbc.co.zm/news/mmembe-hamududu-kalaba-successfully-file-in-nominations/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=ZNBC|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-06-20|title=2021 Zambia Presidential Elections Candidates and Running Mates Full Detailed List|language=en-US|work=Zambia Politics News|url=https://www.zambianpolitics.com/2021-zambia-presidential-elections-candidates-and-running-mates-full-detailed-list/|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623165712/https://www.zambianpolitics.com/2021-zambia-presidential-elections-candidates-and-running-mates-full-detailed-list/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |Presidential candidate
! colspan="2" |Presidential candidate
!Running mate
!Running mate
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|-
|-
|3.
|3.
|[[Sean Tembo]]
|[[Sean Enock Tembo]]
|[[Henry Muleya]]
|[[Henry Muleya]]
|Patriots For Economic Progress
|Patriots For Economic Progress
Line 74: Line 77:
|[[Chishala Kateka]]
|[[Chishala Kateka]]
|[[Samuel Kasanka]]
|[[Samuel Kasanka]]
|[[Heritage Party (Zambia)|New Heritage Party]]
|[[New Heritage Party]]
|-
|-
|6.
|6.
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|[[Highvie Hamududu]]
|[[Highvie Hamududu]]
|[[Kasote Singogo]]
|[[Kasote Singogo]]
|Party of National Unity and Progress
|[[Party of National Unity and Progress]]
|-
|-
|11.
|11.
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|[[Harry Kalaba]]
|[[Harry Kalaba]]
|[[Judith Kabemba]]
|[[Judith Kabemba]]
|Democratic Party
|[[Democratic Party (Zambia)|Democratic Party]]
|-
|-
|13.
|13.
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