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{{main|Northern Rhodesia}} | {{main|Northern Rhodesia}} | ||
In 1888, [[Cecil Rhodes]], spearheading British commercial and political interests in | In 1888, [[Cecil Rhodes]], spearheading British commercial and political interests in Central Africa, obtained a mineral rights concessions from local chiefs. In the same year, Northern and Southern [[Rhodesia]], now [[Zambia]] and [[Zimbabwe]], were proclaimed a British [[sphere of influence]]. In the beginning the territory was administered by Rhodes' [[British South Africa Company]] (BSAC), which showed little interest in the province and used it mainly as a source of labour. | ||
The most important factor in the colony's economy was copper, the discovery of which is due partly to an American scout, [[Frederick Russell Burnham]], who in 1895 lead and oversaw the massive Northern Territories (BSA) Exploration Co. expedition which established that major copper deposits existed in Central Africa.<ref name="baxter1970">{{cite book |last=Baxter |first=T.W. |author2=E.E. Burke |title=Guide to the Historical Manuscripts in the National Archives of Rhodesia |page=67 |year=1970}}</ref> Along the [[Kafue River]] in then Northern Rhodesia, Burnham saw many similarities to copper deposits he had worked in the United States, and he encountered natives wearing copper bracelets.<ref name="scouting">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |title=Scouting on Two Continents |publisher=Doubleday, Page & company |year=1926 |location=|pages=2; Chapters 3 & 4 |oclc=407686}}</ref> | The most important factor in the colony's economy was copper, the discovery of which is due partly to an American scout, [[Frederick Russell Burnham]], who in 1895 lead and oversaw the massive Northern Territories (BSA) Exploration Co. expedition which established that major copper deposits existed in Central Africa.<ref name="baxter1970">{{cite book |last=Baxter |first=T.W. |author2=E.E. Burke |title=Guide to the Historical Manuscripts in the National Archives of Rhodesia |page=67 |year=1970}}</ref> Along the [[Kafue River]] in then Northern Rhodesia, Burnham saw many similarities to copper deposits he had worked in the United States, and he encountered natives wearing copper bracelets.<ref name="scouting">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |title=Scouting on Two Continents |publisher=Doubleday, Page & company |year=1926 |location=|pages=2; Chapters 3 & 4 |oclc=407686}}</ref> | ||
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===The end of one party rule=== | ===The end of one party rule=== | ||
One party rule and the declining economy created disappointment among the people. Several [[strike action|strikes]] hit the country in 1981. The government responded by arresting several [[trade union|union]] leaders, among them [[Frederick Chiluba]]. In 1986 and 1987 protests arose again in [[Lusaka]] and the [[Copperbelt]]. These were followed by riots over rising food prices on 30 June 1990, in which at least 30 people were killed. Few days later, [[Mwamba Luchembe|Lieutenant Christopher Mwamba Luchembe]] of the [[Zambia Army]] attempted to a [[Mwamba Luchembe|coup d'état]] to rid the Kaunda government. In the early hours of 1 July 1990, Luchembe announced a hostile takeover on state owned radio at the [[Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation]] (ZNBC). The attempt failed and the situation was curbed within three hours by the government, leading to the arrest of Luchembe. | |||
One party rule and the declining economy created disappointment among the people. Several [[strike action|strikes]] hit the country in 1981. The government responded by arresting several [[trade union|union]] leaders, among them [[Frederick Chiluba]]. In 1986 and 1987 protests arose again in [[Lusaka]] and the [[Copperbelt]]. These were followed by riots over rising food prices | |||
These extensive protests made Kaunda realise the need for [[reform movement|reform]]. He promised a [[referendum]] on [[multiparty democracy]], and lifted the ban on political parties. This resulted in the quick formation of eleven new parties. Among these [[Movement for Multiparty Democracy]] (MMD), led by former union leader Frederick Chiluba, was the most important. After pressure for the new parties the referendum was canceled in favour of direct multiparty election. | These extensive protests made Kaunda realise the need for [[reform movement|reform]]. He promised a [[referendum]] on [[multiparty democracy]], and lifted the ban on political parties. This resulted in the quick formation of eleven new parties. Among these [[Movement for Multiparty Democracy]] (MMD), led by former union leader Frederick Chiluba, was the most important. After pressure for the new parties the referendum was canceled in favour of direct multiparty election. | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Heads of Government of Zambia]] | *[[Heads of Government of Zambia]] | ||
*[[Kazembe]] | *[[Kazembe]] | ||
*[[Kenneth Kaunda]] | *[[Kenneth Kaunda]] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist| | {{Reflist|4}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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| accessdate = 2006-10-16 | | accessdate = 2006-10-16 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:History Of Zambia}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:History Of Zambia}} | ||
[[Category:History of Zambia| ]] | [[Category:History of Zambia| ]] | ||
